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7.62×54mmR
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7.62×54mmR
76254Rvariety.jpg
Examples of 7.62 × 54mm ammunition. The photo shows, reading from left to right: Sellier & Bellot hollow point boat tail; "Czech silver tip", mild steel core, light ball; Hungarian silver/yellow-tip, mild steel core, heavy ball; Wolf Ammunition Gold soft-point; USSR 1986 steel core light ball, Factory 60. [1]; Yugoslav surplus (1953); USSR 1940s lead core light ball [2]
Type
Rifle
Place of origin
Russian Empire
Service history
In service
1891–present
Used by
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Russian Federation
Finland[1][dead link]
Warsaw Pact
China
Vietnam
North Korea
Cambodia
Laos
Cuba
Albania
United States
Wars
Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Russian Civil War
Winter War
World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Cambodian Civil War
Cambodian-Vietnamese War
Soviet war in Afghanistan
Yugoslav wars
Gulf War
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Russia–Georgia war
Libyan civil war
Syrian civil war
Production history
Designed
1891
Produced
1891–present
Specifications
Case type
Rimmed, Bottleneck
Bullet diameter
7.92 mm (0.312 in)
Neck diameter
8.53 mm (0.336 in)
Shoulder diameter
11.61 mm (0.457 in)
Base diameter
12.37 mm (0.487 in)
Rim diameter
14.40 mm (0.567 in)
Rim thickness
1.6 mm (0.063 in)
Case length
53.72 mm (2.115 in)
Overall length
77.16 mm (3.038 in)
Case capacity
4.16 cm3 (64.2 gr H2O)
Rifling twist
240 mm (1 in 9.45 in)
Primer type
Berdan or Boxer Large Rifle
Maximum pressure
360 MPa (52,000 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet weight/type
Velocity
Energy
11.3 g (174 gr) HPBT 797 m/s (2,610 ft/s) 3,593 J (2,650 ft·lbf)
11.7 g (181 gr) FMJ 786 m/s (2,580 ft/s) 3,614 J (2,666 ft·lbf)
11.7 g (181 gr) SP 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s) 3,744 J (2,761 ft·lbf)
9.7 g (150 gr) FMJ 865 m/s (2,840 ft/s) 3,629 J (2,677 ft·lbf)
11.7 g (181 gr) SP 805 m/s (2,640 ft/s) 3,779 J (2,787 ft·lbf)
Test barrel length: 73cm, 28inch
Source(s): [2][3]
From left to right: 7.62×54mmR, 7.62×39mm and 7.62×25mm.
The 7.62×54mmR is a rimmed rifle cartridge developed by the Russian Empire and was introduced as a service cartridge in 1891. Originally designed for the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle, it was used during the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present day. The cartridge remains one of the few standard issue rimmed cartridges still in military use and has the longest service life of all military issued cartridges in the world.[4]
The American Winchester Model 1895 was also chambered for this cartridge per a contract with the Russian government. The 7.62×54mmR is still in use by the Russian military in the Dragunov and other sniper rifles, as well as some modern machine guns like the PKM. Originally, the round was designated as "Трехлинейный патрон образца 1891 года" - (Three-line cartridge model of 1891). It then became widely known under the designation "7,62мм винтовочный патрон" (7,62mm rifle cartridge). The round has erroneously come to be known as the "7.62mm Russian" (and is still often referred to as such colloquially), but, according to new standards, the "R" in the modern official C.I.P. designation (7.62 × 54 R) stands for Rimmed, in line with standard C.I.P. designations. The name is sometimes confused with the "7.62 Soviet" round, which refers to the 7.62×39mm cartridge used in the SKS and AK-based (AK-47) rifles."
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